All about the viola flower: general description, history of origin and type of violets in the photo

Violet is a decorative culture that is actively grown today at home. This flower in ancient Rome and Greece was used for decorating banquet rooms.

Today, violet flaunts on balconies, windowsills, striking the beauty of its flowering. In the article you can find a brief description and history of the origin of violets, in general, everything about this houseplant. It will also be useful to watch an informative video on this topic.

General description

Violet is a fabulously beautiful flower, characterized by a variety of shades and shapes. He has a shortened stalk that carries a rosette of hairy and heavily deflated leaves. The leaves are wide, can be oval or round. There is waviness along the edge. On average, the size of the outlet is 7-40 cm. Flowers can be simple, five-membered and terry. On pedicels, their number is 2-7 pieces.

ATTENTION: Africa remains the birthplace of the flower. In nature, culture grows in temperate climates. Most often, you can find a flower in North America, Japan and the Andes. Under natural conditions, the plant grows in open or slightly shaded areas with a moderately humid climate.

Origin history

In 1892, Baron Adalbert Saint-Paul among the stones during walks with his beloved discovered an incredibly beautiful flower. He had a blue color with a yellow center. The baron sent this flower to his father, who collected rare plant specimens.

In 1893, the violet family was defined: Gesnerievye. In the same year, violet was first shown at the exhibition. So we talked briefly about the origin of this beautiful flower.

What are the differences between indoor flowers and other species?

The whole variety of types of violets can be divided into three large groups:

• wild-growing;
• garden;
• indoor.

There are the following differences between indoor and wild violets:

1. Only a warm climate is suitable for them, but wild and garden ones do not take root at home.
2. The flowers are large in size, but in the wild they are small, but bright in color.
3. Watering indoor plants is often necessary - an average of 2 times a week. But violets grown on the street do not need watering so often - once every 2-3 weeks.
4. Indoor flowers are most often affected by the influence of diseases, since it is difficult to create full conditions for the growth and development of a plant in an apartment.

Which ones can be kept at home, and which ones can be grown on the street?

Can I keep at home? For home cultivation, it is worth choosing the following varieties of violets:

• LE Rings of Saturn. The variety is distinguished by large flowers of a saturated lilac color with dark stains along the edge of the petals.
• AB Caramel. Flowers can be semi-double or double. Their color is white with lilac or raspberry wide stripes. It features a spectacular appearance.
• Baltschug Avenir. The flowers have a classic shape. Color two-tone - blue stripes on a pink background.
• Spring Rose. Violet has beautiful double flowers. They have snow-white petals of a greenish tint. The variety is characterized by abundant flowering.
• Ma's Southern Springtime. Half-double flowers with raspberry and asymmetric spill. Blooming profusely with a fluffy hat.
• Blue watercolor. The variety is characterized by incredibly beautiful flowers, unpretentiousness in care and rapid growth. Terry-type flowers, white with purple strokes, arranged unevenly.
• PC-God of the Sun. The variety is distinguished by bright beautiful flowering. He has cherry-colored double flowers, and there is a white border around the edge of the petals.
• Perfect harmony. This variety was introduced not so long ago. The flowers are of standard size, the color is bright - pink blotches are present on a blue background. but this variety needs increased attention in terms of care.

For growing violets on the street, you can use the following varieties:

1. Labrador Violet. This plant is not tall, is distinguished by lush flowering and small flowers. The color of the petals can be pink or scarlet, and the leaves can be purple or bronze. The plant is not demanding on lighting and grows well in the sun and partial shade. The peculiarity of the variety is resistance to frost.
2. Manchurian violet. This variety assumes moderate humidity. It is resistant to temperature extremes. It is undemanding in care, has a colorful and bright flowering, which lasts from May to June.

Is it a decorative foliage plant or not?

Is it a decorative foliage plant or not? Violet is not a decorative foliage plant. Such cultures have all the beauty in their foliage. And violets have the main advantage - a flower, not a leaf.

Is it perennial?

Viola is a variety of perennial flowers, but only subject to quality care for them. To do this, you need to trim the overgrown and lost decorative bushes in time. Leave no more than 5 cm from the root. Then the flower must be fertilized. If you follow these simple measures, the viola will bloom for several years.

Photo

And so the indoor flower violet looks in the photo.

How to grow a viola?

To grow violets, special soil is needed. You can buy it in the store or cook it yourself. If the second option is chosen, then mix perlite and vermiculite in an equal ratio, without adding a nutrient substrate. Perlite is an essential component for growing violets. Thanks to it, air access to the root system is achieved. And due to vermiculite, the soil becomes loose, absorbs moisture well.

The process of rooting foliage in the ground is as follows:

1. Take the stem from the violet to the side and break it off. Cut the leg obliquely, lower it for 2-3 seconds in a weak solution of potassium permanganate. Lay on a clean cloth for 30 minutes to dry.
2. Fill a plastic container with drainage holes with a damp substrate.
3. Plant the violet cuttings into the mixture and tamp a little.
4. Immediately water the plant is not necessary. Place the cup with the handle in a plastic box or cover with polyethylene.

To prevent mold on the soil, remove the plastic film every day. In the first 2-3 days, the seedling may be sluggish, but this is considered the norm. Further, roots will appear on it and the leaf will become elastic.

IMPORTANT: Watering is done once a week, but fertilize is not necessary yet. Then the roots form much faster.

About methods of growing violets can additionally be read here.

Watch a video about growing violets from a leaf:

Care Tips

Caring for this plant does not require much effort and time, just follow the following recommendations:

1. The soil. Violets require quality drainage. Its thickness should be 3 cm. The soil mixture should be light, not acidic, with increased concentrations of compost, humus, peat moss and coarse sand. If the soil is acidic, then put a small amount of lime or bone meal into it. It is better to use a plastic pot, and its diameter should be 3 cm larger than the outlet.
2. Lighting. Violets require a 12-14 hour day. It can be provided in winter with the help of fluorescent lamps, but only every hour for 10 minutes turn off the light. If the violet grows on the windowsill, then protect it from direct sunlight. This plant requires partial shade.
3. Watering. The soil in the pot with violet should not be moist, but not wet. The plant negatively reacts to waterlogging of the substrate. Pour water out of the pan 15-20 minutes after wetting. Use clean and warm water, rain or melt is allowed.
4. Temperature mode. It is necessary to contain violets during the day at a temperature of 20-24 degrees, and at night - 18 degrees. For actively growing young plants, increase the temperature to 26 degrees Celsius.
5. Humidity. Too high temperature increases air dryness. At such a violet, the buds stop, and the flowers become smaller and fade. To return the plant to life, it is enough to increase the humidity, and for this, irrigate the air above the flower from the spray gun. For violets, humidity of 50% remains ideal.
6. Top dressing. Fertilizing is recommended in summer and spring. It was at this time that the plant was actively growing. It is better to use complex mineral compositions in liquid form. To top dress the soil. To do this, you can buy ready-made preparations in the store: Ideal, Rainbow.

Read more about caring for violets at home here.

Watch the video on the rules for caring for violets:

Transplant Rules

If room violet is more than 3 years old, then it needs to be transplanted. Otherwise, the plant will begin to lose its decorative appearance, the flowers will become small. When transplanted, the violet becomes younger and the rotting of the root system is prevented. Before the procedure, remove all yellow and damaged leaves from the plant. Treat all wounds on the flower with activated carbon.

When transplanting, observe the following rules:

1. Do not use old salt-coated pots.
2. With each subsequent transplant, choose a larger pot (the plant should be 3 times the diameter of the pot).
3. Soil to choose loose, air- and moisture-permeable, add peat and sand in equal amounts.
4. Lay out expanded clay drainage.
5. When deepening, make sure that the leaves slightly touch the soil.
6. Watering on the first day can not be done, cover the plant with polyethylene to provide the necessary humidity.

You can read more about the rules for transplanting violets in this article.

Watch the video on the correct transplant of violets at home:

Why not bloom?

Violet blooms may be absent for the following reasons:

• Lighting. You can find out that the flower does not have enough light by the leaves that are pulled up.
• Top dressing. Violet needs weekly top dressing. But it is important to comply with the measure. If you add a lot of nitrogen, then flowering can not wait.
• Watering. Flowers may be absent during irregular watering, overdrying or waterlogging of the soil.
• Humidity. The lack of flowering is characteristic for those flowers that are grown at a moisture content of 25-30%, instead of the required 50%.

You can find more information about the reasons for not blooming violets here.

Does cough and other ailments help?

The composition of the leaves and flowers of violets contains substances and elements useful for the human body. The plant is characterized by anti-inflammatory, diuretic, laxative and antimicrobial effects. It is used as an anesthetic and sedative.

In addition, violet is effective in the following diseases and pathologies:

• high blood pressure;
• bronchitis;
• sore throat;
• whooping cough;
• pneumonia;
• suffocation;
• skin diseases;
• headaches, migraines, epilepsy.

For medicinal purposes, you can use the following recipes based on it:

From cough

1. Leaves and flowers of the plant take 50 g each, finely chop, pour 200 ml of boiling water.
2. Set for 1 day, filter, heat over a fire and add 200 g of sugar.
3. Reception of the finished infusion is 1 tsp. 4 times a day.

With angina

1. It will take 50 g of violet flowers, pour 200 g of alcohol.
2. Set 1 week.
3. Ready tincture to take 30 ml 3 times a day before meals.
4. After eating, rinse the throat with a solution obtained from 200 ml of warm water and 10 g of tincture.

For insomnia

1. Take 3 g of flowers, pour a glass of boiled milk.
2. Wait 30 minutes, filter and drink milk before bedtime.

From rheumatism and gout

1. It is necessary to pour 1 liter of boiling water 30 g of roots and herbs of violets.
2. Insist 3 hours, filter and consume per day.

Cough in children

1. Take violet flowers and fill the glass to the top.
2. Transfer the raw materials to a container deeper, add 200 ml of boiling water.
3. To insist a day, filter, add fresh violet flowers to the prepared broth, insist a day.
4. Filter again and add honey in the same amount as the decoction.
5. Take this broth for 1 tsp. 3 times a day, before use it is better to slightly warm up.

During pregnancy

1. Take 10 g of grass, pour 200 ml of boiling water.
2. Pour everything into an enameled container, cover with a lid and install in an oatmeal bath for 15 minutes.
3. Remove from heat and insist 1 hour.
4. Filtered broth add 200 ml of boiling water.
5. Take the drug instead of tea 3 times a day.

What is sick?

If the rules of agricultural technology are not observed, violets can be affected by diseases or pests. Most often, culture suffers from the following misfortunes:

1. Thrips. They live on the inside of the leaf. The plants feed on the juice, as a result of which the violet loses its decorative effect and quickly fades. At the first symptoms of damage, remove all flowers and buds, as these parasites lay their larvae there.
2. Root nematode. This is a very dangerous pest. As a result of his defeat, the leaves begin to turn yellow, their growth stops, and soon the plant dies. This occurs due to damage to the root system, because of which the flower does not receive nutrients. Treatment with fungicides. But be prepared for the fact that from these tsevok will not be so beautiful.
3. Late blight. This is a rather dangerous ailment for violets. Has a fungal product. The fungus, which is in the soil, seeps into the plant through wounds and open roots. As a result, brown spots form on the leaves, and after a while the plant dies.

   The increased humidity of the air and substrate can affect the development of the disease. It is impossible to cure a violet affected by late blight. Remove the plant from the pot and burn, and prostelize the container itself. As a preventative measure, superphosphate can be added to the ground.

You will find more nuances about the diseases and pests of violets in this material.

Violet is not only a beautiful, but also a very useful plant. It can be used for the preparation of healing broths in the treatment of cough, insomnia, and sore throat. And if you observe careful care of the plant, then its flowering will be long and bright.

Watch the video: Historical Candy: Candied Violets in the 18th Century (November 2024).